The plo connection international book series on terrorism yonah alexander, joshua sinai on. A key challenge of understanding terrorism is both acknowledging the moral outrage at terrorist acts, while at the same time trying to understand the rationale behind terrorism. Terrorism history in switzerland terrorist attacks in switzerland mainly began in 1969, with actions against swissair, the swiss national aviation company 1. Terrorism is a big topic today and is dominating politics and economics. Terrorism as a political philosophy download ebook pdf. A jury in new york federal court found the palestine liberation organization and the palestinian authority partly liable for six terrorist attacks in israel and awarded survivors and their. The analysis of palestinian terrorism undertaken europe at the end of the 19t. In 1993 he led the plo to a historic peace agreement with israeli prime minister yitzhak rabin and the israeli government.
The us plo dialogue was suspended after the plo failed to condemn the 30 may 1990 plf attack on israeli beaches. Click download or read online button to get terrorism as a political philosophy book now. Terrorism and counterterrorism in switzerlandhistory. The history of the plo and the international legitimization of terrorism the arabs most spectacular success after 1973, however, has been to turn the international community into accomplicesalbeit, passivein legitimising the instrument designed to destroy what would remain of israel after that withdrawal. A jewish bus equipped with wire screens to protect against rock, glass, and grenade throwing, late 1930s. Hamas, the plo, and terrorist attacks against israel. The history of the plo and the international legitimization of terrorism the arabs most spectacular success after 1973, however, has been to turn the international community into accomplicesalbeit, passivein legitimising the instrument designed to destroy what. The stalemate that followed israels convincing victory in the six day war produced a new arab organization, the palestine liberation organization plo. Order code rs21235 updated june 8, 2005 crs report for congress. Its main constituent force was al fatah movement for. The secret history of israels targeted assassinations ronen bergman random house, 2018, 753 pp. The plo was considered by the united states and israel to be a terrorist organization. To begin, it seems appropriate to define the term terrorism.
The estimate of israelis killed by the plo runs for only fourteen years, although it is an aggregate figure. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Like the eta, the history of palestinian terror seems to be well explained. Plos history of terrorism is barrier to peace talks the tech. I will argue that while terrorism is always morally wrong, it is both possible and desirable to distinguish between degrees of moral wrongness. Yasser arafat and friends from algeria founded the organization, which was originally opposed to the palestine liberation organization that is today one of the largest.
The study begins with a generic discussion of terrorism and its growth from a national to an international problem. Students need a good working knowledge of what is going on in the world and how it is affecting them. This paper will not examine more recent terrorist activities. First, it explains briefly why it is difficult to find a universally acceptable definition of terrorism.
I will examine this issue in the context of justwar moral theory and the israelipalestinian conflict. Terrorism and the israelipalestinian conflict middle east. Plos history of terrorism is barrier to peace talks the. The plo was formed in 1964 as an umbrella body for a number of elements of the palestinian resistance movement. Terrorism in the prestate period was also extensive, another story that is largely unknown in the united states, where commentators like to pretend that terrorism is an invention of the palestinians. The first terrorists early zealots and assassins such as the sicarii and the hashhashin frightened their contemporaries but were not really terrorists in the modern sense. Fatah is a major palestinian political party that began in 1965 as the palestinian national liberation movement.
The plo was set up in 1964 by an arab league decision in response to growing signs of palestinian unrest. The plo is then used as a case study to address how successfully terrorism has served as a tool to advance organizational goals from the plo s formation to the end of the 1980s. Background for the war on terror university of denver. The individual entries of killings by israel run over a longer period, but it. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, guarino giancarlo and others published the palestine liberation. Terrorism and the israelipalestinian conflict middle. Leninist doctrine and their more radical terrorist tactics. Order code rs21235 updated june 8, 2005 crs report for. The plo is then used as a case study to address how successfully terrorism has served as a tool to advance organizational goals from the plos formation to the end of the 1980s. Bombers and bystanders in suicide attacks in israel, 2000 to 2003 pdf. University of california press, one of the most distin.
Plo ties and terrorism summary belgrades close ties to the mainline plo represent the most solid basis for western charges that yugoslavia abets international terrorism. One institution created by those accords was the palestinian legislative council plc, a representative body of all palestinians resident in the territories including formerly jordanheld jerusalem, whose pal. To begin, this paper will undertake a brief overview of the plo, its history, and its political goals. History and root causes of terrorism in africa introduction the aim of this paper is fourfold. Yasser arafat, first president of the palestinian authority 19962004, chairman of the palestinian liberation organization plo, and leader of fatah. The history of the israelipalestinian conflict began with the establishment of the state of israel in 1948 this conflict came from the intercommunal violence in mandatory palestine between israelis and arabs from 1920 and erupted into fullscale hostilities in the 194748 civil war. Terrorism is not a new phenomenon in human experience. History of the israelipalestinian conflict wikipedia. Prior to these attacks, americans typically viewed terrorist events and actors through the lens of foreign affairs, quite removed from everyday concerns. Understanding the plo palestine liberation organization. During that time, factions within the plo shifted from attacks on military targets to a strategy of terrorisma policy the organization fervently denied embracing.
The palestine liberation organization plo is undoubtedly one of the most infamous terrorist organizations around the world. The organizations initial goals were to unite various arab groups and create a. Andrew fish spent three weeks in israel on a trip for college newspaper editors sponsored by the world zionist organization. Hamas, the plo, and terrorist attacks against israel 2 western analysts prefer to describe the presence of a fanatical ideology among sectors of palestinian society as a stubborn relic of a sore that was being erased faster than its symptoms. Dec 05, 2016 the campaign of terrorism undertaken by the plo during the 1960s and 1970s will be focused upon. Plos history of terrorism is barrier to peace talks. The palestine liberation organization is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of.
The history of the plo and the international legitimization. Claims of historical or religious ties of jews with palestine are incompatible with the. Arafat, late chairman of the plo the palestine liberation organization, notably said in a 1974 speech before the united nations, one mans terrorist is another mans freedom fighter. The palestine liberation organization, or plo, was first founded in 1964. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The history of terrorism is a long one, and defining it is not a straightforward matter. The end of colonies and the rise of modern terrorism algeria pdf download. This is a real peculiarity because the plo fights even if by terrorist methods to. Created in 1964 during the arab league summit in cairo, the plos originallystated goal was the liberation of palestine through armed struggle while seeking to destroy the existence of zionism in the middle east. Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence or terror motivated by palestinian. On february 18, 1969, a boeing 720058b was attacked by a squad of four armed members of the pflp popular front for the liberation of palestine, while taxiing at the zurich. Rise of the plo and the birth of international terrorism. Dr combs argues 20th century revolutionary groups and terrorists began using similar tactics to achieve their politicalideological. Plo ties and terrorism summary belgrades close ties to the mainline plo represent the most solid basis for western charges that yugoslavia abets.
Learn more about the history of the plo in this article. Palestine liberation organization definition, goals. Created in 1964 during the arab league summit in cairo, the plo s originallystated goal was the liberation of palestine through armed struggle while seeking to destroy the existence of zionism in the middle east. Background for the war on terror september 11 changed the united states understanding of terrorism. From bakunin to the islamic state nikolai sitter, dreyers forlag, oslo february 2017 nick sitter is professor of political economy at the department of law and governance at the bi norwegian business school. Transjordan set up on threefourths of the area, oneforth for the jewish national home. This statement exemplifies the ease with which politicians biases can influence their definitions of terrorism. The plo officially renounced terrorism in 1988, and fatah says it no longer engages in terrorism, although the authority continues to incentivize terrorism by awarding large stipends to the families of palestinians killed or arrested while committing acts of terrorism via the palestinian authority martyrs fund, payouts that absorb 7% of the. The campaign of terrorism undertaken by the plo during the 1960s and 1970s will be focused upon. The conflict continues to the present day on various levels. The history of terrorism from antiquity to al qaeda edited by gerard chaliand and arnaud blin translated by edward schneider, kathryn pulver, and jesse browner. The wave theory refers to the four waves of modern terrorism, which was published in 2004 by david c. Throughout the history of the mandate, com avineri volume by ahmad rhaffar, in journal of.
Palestine liberation organization plo, umbrella political organization formed in 1964 claiming to represent the worlds palestiniansthose arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated palestine before the creation there of the state of israel in 1948. The usplo dialogue was suspended after the plo failed to condemn the 30 may 1990 plf attack on israeli beaches. Timeline of israelipalestinian conflict 1917 british foreign minister balfour pledges support for establishment of a jewish national home in palestine 1922 britain granted mandate for palestine land of israel by league of nations. In the wake of the 1967 arabisraeli war, the plos dual program of violence and. The maghreb modern middle east survey pdf download. Andrew fish spent three weeks in israel on a trip for college newspaper editors sponsored by. The history and future of suicide terrorism foreign. The palestinians desired to reclaim the lands occupied by israel, which they felt belonged to them, as said in the bible. The annual hamas celebration of death in gaza, as well as half a dozen similar ones held during. The history of terrorism in israel and palestine israels sacred terrorism.
The plo connection international book series on terrorism. Apr 21, 2015 terrorism and the israelipalestinian conflict. Looking at all known suicide terrorism groups from 1983 to 2006, we see many direct connections for instance, we know that hamas and hezbollah talked about suicide terrorism after the expulsion of hamas members from israel to southern lebanon in 1992 and also indirect connections the tamil tigersltte invented the suicide vest, which middle. Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation and understanding of terrorism in africa. The united states considers that all plo groups, including alfatah, force 17, hawari group, plf, and pflp, are bound by arafats renunciation of terrorism. Feb 23, 2015 a jury in new york federal court found the palestine liberation organization and the palestinian authority partly liable for six terrorist attacks in israel and awarded survivors and their. Inside the covert war against terrorisms money masters nitsana darshanleitner and samuel katz hatchette books, 2017, 336 pp. It begins by looking at the popular front for the liberation of palestine pflp and the role it played in the palestinian struggle against israel before discussing the creation of. Waves of political terrorism oxford research encyclopedia. Received through the crs web order code rs21235 updated june 8, 2005 palestinian factions. The plos attacks on israels northern border prompted a fullscale invasion by israeli troops in 1982, a conflict which angered south lebanons largely shiia muslim community which directly suffered the consequences of israels military intervention and fueling the rise of the next generation of militant groups, hizballah among them. Pdf the article offers an overview of the political history of the palestine. The times of london looks at the background and history of the israeli security apparatus. Conciliation, counterterrorism, and patterns of terrorist violence.
The palestine liberation organization, or plo, was first founded in 1964 during a summit in cairo, egypt. Wave theory made a unique contribution to the study of terrorism by positing a generational model that linked contemporaneous global terrorist. Second, it describes how history is crucial to any explanation and understanding of terrorism in. This may be true, as many countries support terrorism, but much of the evidence against libya is open to doubt some highly respected statesmen such as nelson mandela have supported libya.